Rosin utomoni
Nthawi yomweyo, imakhalanso ndi machitidwe a carboxyl monga esterification, mowa, kupanga mchere, decarboxylation, ndi aminolysis.
Kukonzanso kwachiwiri kwa rosin kumatengera mawonekedwe a rosin okhala ndi zomangira ziwiri ndi magulu a carboxyl, ndipo rosin imasinthidwa kuti ipange mndandanda wa rosin wosinthidwa, womwe umathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito kwa rosin.
Rosin utomoni ntchito mu makampani zomatira kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kusintha zomatira kukakamira, cohesive katundu, etc.
Rosin resin ndi tricyclic diterpenoid pawiri, yopezeka mu monoclinic flaky makhiristo mu amadzimadzi Mowa. Malo osungunuka ndi 172 ~ 175 ° C, ndipo mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi 102 ° (anhydrous ethanol). Sasungunuke m'madzi, sungunuka mu Mowa, benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone, carbon disulfide ndi kusungunula aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
Ndilo gawo lalikulu la utomoni wa rosin wachilengedwe. Ma ester a rosin acid (monga methyl esters, vinyl alcohol esters, ndi glycerides) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto ndi ma vanishi, komanso mu sopo, mapulasitiki, ndi utomoni.
Ndi polyol ester ya rosin acid. Ma polyols omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi glycerol ndi pentaerythritol. The polyol
Malo ochepetsetsa a pentaerythritol rosin ester ndi apamwamba kuposa a glycerol rosin ester, ndipo kuyanika, kuuma, kukana madzi ndi zinthu zina za varnish ndi zabwino kuposa za varnish zopangidwa ndi glycerol rosin ester.
Ngati ester yofananira yopangidwa kuchokera ku polymerized rosin kapena hydrogenated rosin imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, chizolowezi chosinthika chimachepetsedwa, ndipo zinthu zina zimasinthidwanso mpaka kumlingo wina. Malo ochepetsera a polymerized rosin ester ndi apamwamba kuposa a rosin ester, pamene malo ochepetsetsa a hydrogenated rosin ester ndi otsika.
Rosin esters amayengedwa kuchokera ku utomoni wa rosin. Rosin utomoni amapangidwa ndi esterification wa rosin. Mwachitsanzo, rosin glyceride imapangidwa ndi rosin ndi esterification ya glycerol.
Chigawo chachikulu cha rosin resin ndi utomoni wa asidi, womwe ndi wosakaniza wa isomers ndi formula ya maselo C19H29 COOH; rosin ester imatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chimapezeka pambuyo pa esterification ya rosin resin, chifukwa ndi chinthu chosiyana, kotero ndizosatheka kunena kuti ndi ndani. chachikulu.
Rosin-modified phenolic resin akadali makamaka yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko. Njira imodzi ndi kusakaniza phenol, aldehyde ndi zipangizo zina ndi rosin ndikuchita mwachindunji.
Mawonekedwe a ndondomekoyi ndi ophweka, koma zofunikira zolamulira monga kutentha kotsatira ndizokwera kwambiri; njira ziwiri ndi kupanga phenolic condensate wapakatikati pasadakhale, ndiyeno anachita ndi rosin dongosolo.
Gawo lililonse lochita kupanga limapanga utomoni wokhala ndi asidi wotsika kwambiri, wofewa kwambiri, ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu ofanana ndi kusungunuka kwina mu zosungunulira zamafuta amchere.
1. Njira imodzi yochitira:
â Kaphatikizidwe ka resole phenolic resin: Alkylphenol imawonjezedwa ku rosin yosungunuka, ndipo paraformaldehyde imapezeka m'dongosolo la granular, kenako imawola kukhala monomer formaldehyde, yomwe imakumana ndi polycondensation reaction ndi alkylphenol.
Mapangidwe a methine quinone: kutaya madzi m'thupi pa kutentha kwakukulu, pakuwotcha, ntchito ya methylol mu dongosolo imakula mofulumira, kutaya madzi m'thupi mkati mwa molekyulu ya methylol kumachitika, ndipo condensation etherification reaction pakati pa mamolekyu a methylol imapezeka, kupanga. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phenolic condensates yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a polymerization ilipo.
⢠Kuphatikiza kwa rosin ku methine quinone ndi maleic anhydride: Onjezani maleic anhydride pa 180 °C, gwiritsani ntchito chomangira chawiri cha maleic anhydride ndi chomangira chapawiri mu rosin acid kuti muwonjezere, ndikuwonjezera methine quinone ku rosin. Asidiyo amakumananso ndi Diels-Alder add reaction kuti apange maleic anhydride chromofuran compounds.
⣠Esterification ya polyol: Kukhalapo kwa magulu ambiri a carboxyl mu dongosolo kumawononga kukhazikika kwa dongosolo ndikuyambitsa kusakhazikika kwa utomoni.
Chifukwa chake, timawonjezera ma polyols ndikugwiritsa ntchito esterification reaction pakati pamagulu a hydroxyl a polyols ndi magulu a carboxyl mu dongosolo kuti achepetse mtengo wa asidi wa dongosolo. Nthawi yomweyo, kudzera mu esterification ya polyols, ma polima apamwamba oyenerera inki yosindikizira amapangidwa.
2. Njira ziwiri zomwe zimachitika:
â Pansi pa chothandizira chapadera, formaldehyde imapanga ma oligomer osiyanasiyana a resole phenolic okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa methylol yogwira mu njira ya alkylphenol. Popeza dongosolo alibe chopinga zotsatira za asidi rosin, condensates ndi oposa 5 phenolic structural mayunitsi akhoza apanga.
â¡ Polyol ndi rosin zimayikidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo pansi pa chothandizira chofunikira, mtengo wa asidi wofunikira ukhoza kufika mofulumira.
⢠Mu rosin polyol ester yomwe yachitidwa, pang'onopang'ono onjezani resole phenolic resin dropwise, wongolerani kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi kutentha, ndipo malizitsani kuwonjezera. Kutaya madzi m'thupi pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo pamapeto pake utomoni wofunidwa umapangidwa.
Ubwino wa njira imodzi ndikuti zinyalala zimachotsedwa ngati nthunzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuthana nazo poteteza chilengedwe. Komabe, phenolic condensation reaction yomwe imapezeka mu rosin yosungunuka imakhala ndi zochitika zambiri zam'mbali chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komanso kusungunuka kosagwirizana.
Kusinthako ndikovuta kuwongolera, ndipo sikophweka kupeza zinthu zokhazikika za utomoni. Ubwino wa njira ziwirizi ndikuti oligomer ya phenolic condensation yokhala ndi dongosolo lokhazikika komanso kapangidwe kake imatha kupezeka, gawo lililonse lazomwe limakhala losavuta kuyang'anira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala okhazikika.
Choyipa chake ndi chakuti chikhalidwe cha phenolic pulp condensate chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi asidi ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri kuti achotse mchere asanayambe kuchitapo kanthu ndi rosin, zomwe zimachititsa kuti madzi azinyalala omwe ali ndi phenol achulukane, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. chilengedwe ndipo zimawononga nthawi yambiri.
Funso loyenera ndi lolakwika la njira imodzi ndi njira ziwiri zakhala zikuyang'ana kwa opanga inki. Koma posachedwapa, ndi chitukuko chopambana cha njira yopanda kusamba yopangira phenolic condensate, kulingalira kwa njira ziwiri za kaphatikizidwe kwalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
